The Dig Kit
In addition to shovels, picks, and buckets, what sets archaeologists apart from let's say, a gardener, is the presence of a shaker screen (used to capture small artifacts), and their trusty 'dig kit.' Sometimes this is merely a trowel, a tape measure, and a sharpie shoved into various pockets. Other times, the full scope of archaeological implements require their own carrying case. So, what's in it?
•A tape measure - For obvious reasons. Some prefer metric, others work in inches and feet.
•A trowel - Some like them pointy, others swear by a flat edge. Either way, it gives you lots of control, straight edges, and a flat floor.
•A line level - This allows archaeologists to accurately measure depth when excavating.
•String and metal spikes - These are for laying out your unit and allow you to keep it nice and square.
•Compass - A compass allows archaeologists to orient photos and maps north. This helps avoid confusion, as each side of the unit can be referenced as the north, south, east, or west wall.
•Brush/dust pan - Brushes can be handy for delicate work, but are also important for cleaning out the unit. A clean floor allows for maximum visibility.
•Sharpies - No archaeologist leaves home without them. They are used for marking artifact bags, pin flags, or whatever needs a good labeling.
•The secret weapon - Most archaeologists have one. Dental pick, sharpened bamboo stick, plastic spoon- when the digging gets tricky, these personalized favorites often appear.
•Other stuff - Gloves, band-aids, sunscreen, and other creature comforts can often be found in the kits of the extra-prepared.
Recording The Site: The Site Map
When on site, archaeologists are not just playing in the dirt. Information is being actively recorded both above and below ground. During an excavation, it is important to document all aspects of the archaeological resource by creating a 'site map.' A good site map effectively allows the archaeologist to bring 'the site' back to the lab. There it can be used to jog a foggy memory, clarify confusing details, or explain patterns in the archaeology.
Site maps range from simple sketches to detailed topographical maps. A basic map can be created with only a compass and a tape measure. Most archaeologists use surveying instruments to measure distance and elevation and a Global Positioning System (GPS) to pinpoint exact locations of trenches or even specific artifact finds. Precise documentation of the excavation creates a geographically accurate map of the site that can be 'georeferenced' and used in conjunction with other maps. The more you document all aspects of the site, the better off you will be back in the lab, and the more information you will leave for future researchers.
